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Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature

Primary Sources

Primary sources are original, uninterpreted information.  Scholars analyze primary sources in order to answer research questions. Examples of primary sources vary by discipline.

Examples in the humanities:

  • a novel
  • a painting
  • a theatre performance

Examples in the social sciences:

  • a political, social, or economic theory
  • a dataset
  • the results of an experiment published in a peer-reviewed journal

Example in the sciences:

  • the results of an experiment published in a peer-reviewed journal

Secondary Sources

  • In secondary sources, authors analyze and interpret primary source materials.
  • Secondary sources can be scholarly or popular
  • Scholarly sources (sometimes called "academic" or "peer-reviewed" sources) are written by and for experts and typically include bibliographies and citations.
  • Popular sources are written for a general, non-expert audience and can be authored by anyone.

Evaluating Sources